Home > What are T-Tests for independent and paired samples?
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What are T-Tests?
Sometimes, we don’t just look at or describe one group of data. Instead, we want to look at two groups of data and compare them. We want to see if the two groups are different. T-tests are often used to compare the means from two different groups of data. They can help you find out if means are significantly different from one another or if they are relatively the same. If the means are significantly different, you can say that the variable being manipulated, your Independent Variable (IV), had an effect on the variable being measured, your Dependent Variable (DV). You will probably be asked to do two popular types of t-tests in SPSS so we will talk about each.
Independent Samples T-TestsBackground | Enter Data | Analyze Data | Interpret Data | Report Data These types of t-tests are used to compare groups of participants that are not related in any way. The groups are independent from one another. So, participants in one group have no relationship to participants in the second group. This is sometimes called a between subjects design.
Paired Samples T-TestsBackground | Enter Data | Analyze Data | Interpret Data | Report Data These types of tests are used to compare
groups that are related in some way. There are so many ways that participants in
two groups can be related. One way is that participants in the first group are
the same as participants in the second group. This is sometimes called a
repeated measures design. A second way is that participants in the first
group are genetically related to participants in the second group. For example,
a pair of twins could be divided up so one twin participated with the first
group and the other twin participated with the second group. A third way is if
participants in one group are matched with participants in a second group by
some attribute. For example, if a participant in the first group rates high on
depression, researchers might try to find a participant in the second group that
also rates high on depression.
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